Rad Health Dictionary

A treatment which uses atomic particles and high energy rays to destroy cancerous cells.... radiotherapy

This NERVE arises from the BRACHIAL plexus in the axilla. At ?rst descending posteriorly and then anteriorly, it ends just above the elbow by dividing into the super?cial radial and interosseous nerves. It supplies motor function to the muscles which extend the arm, wrist, and some ?ngers, and supplies sensation to parts of the posterior and lateral aspects of the arm, forearm and hand.... radial nerve

The term applied to the nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite which may follow exposure to RADIATION – for example, at work – or the use of RADIOTHERAPY in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. People exposed to radiation at work should have that exposure carefully monitored so it does not exceed safety limits. Doses of radiation given during radiotherapy treatment are carefully measured: even so, patients may suffer side-effects. The phenothiazine group of tranquillisers, such as CHLORPROMAZINE, as well as the ANTIHISTAMINE DRUGS, are of value in the prevention and treatment of radiation sickness.... radiation sickness

Breakdown of the nuclei of some elements resulting in the emission of energy in the form of alpha, beta and gamma rays. Because of this particle emission, the elements decay into other elements. Radium and uranium are naturally occurring radioactive elements. RADIOTHERAPY treatment utilises arti?cially produced isotopes (alternative forms of an element) such as iodine-131 and cobalt-60.... radioactivity

Diagnostic radiography is the technique of examining parts of the body by passing X-RAYS through them to produce images on ?uorescent screens or photographic plates.... radiography

A technique introduced in 1960 which enables the minute quantities of natural substances in the blood such as HORMONES to be measured. A radioimmunoassay depends upon the ability of an unlabelled hormone to inhibit, by simple competition, the binding of isotopically labelled hormone by speci?c ANTIBODIES. The requirements for a radioimmunoassay include adequate amounts of the hormone; a method for labelling the hormone with a radioactive isotope; the production of satisfactory antibodies; and a technique for separating antibody-bound from free hormone. Radioimmunoassay is more sensitive than the best bioassay for a given hormone, and the most sensitive radioimmunoassays permit the detection of picogram (pg = 10?12g) and femtogram (fg = 10?15g) amounts of material.... radioimmunoassay

See X-RAYS.... radiology

The radiations of radium consist of: (1) alpha rays, which are positively charged helium nuclei; (2) beta rays – negatively charged electrons; (3) gamma rays, similar to X-RAYS but of shorter wavelength. These days the use of radium is largely restricted to the treatment of carcinoma of the neck of the womb, the tongue, and the lips. Neither X-rays nor radium supersede active surgical measures when these are available for the complete removal of a tumour.... radium

The outer of the two bones in the forearm.... radius

The band of electromagnetic radiation which has a longer wavelength than that of the red in the visible spectrum. Infrared radiation is used in the special photographic process essential to THERMOGRAPHY. Its property of transmitting radiant heat has made infrared radiation invaluable in PHYSIOTHERAPY, where it warms tissues, soothes pain and increases the local circulation.... infrared radiation

A radiological technique for detecting osteoporosis (see BONE, DISORDERS OF) in which a beam of X-rays is directed at the bone-area under investigation – normally the spine and hip – and the CALCIUM density measured. If the calcium content is low, preventive treatment can be started to reduce the likelihood of fractures occurring.... quantitative digital radiography

This artery arises from the brachial artery at the level of the neck of the radius. It passes down the forearm to the wrist, where it is easily palpated laterally. It then winds around the wrist to the palm of the hand to supply the ?ngers. (See ARTERIES.)... radial artery

An operation to remove a cancer, plus adjacent tissue and lymph nodes.... radical surgery

Inflammation of spinal nerve roots... radiculitis

Radiculopathy is damage to the roots of nerves where they enter or leave the SPINAL CORD. Causes include ARTHRITIS of the spine, thickening of the MENINGES, and DIABETES MELLITUS. Symptoms include pain, PARAESTHESIA, numbness and wasting of muscles supplied by the nerves. Treatment is of the underlying cause.... radiculopathy

Energy in the form of waves or particles. Radiation is mainly electromagnetic and is broadly classi?ed as ionising and non-ionising. The former can propel ions from an atom; these have an electrical charge and can combine chemically with each other. Ionisation occurring in molecules that have a key function in living tissue can cause biological damage which may affect existing tissue or cause mutations in the GENES of germ-cell nuclei (see GAMETE; CELLS). Non-ionising radiation agitates the constituent atoms of nuclei but is insu?ciently powerful to produce ions.

Ionising radiation comprises X-RAYS, GAMMA RAYS and particle radiation. X-rays are part of the continuous electromagnetic-wave spectrum: this also includes gamma rays, infra-red radiation, ultraviolet light and visible light. They have a very short wavelength and very high frequency, and their ability to penetrate matter depends upon the electrical energy generating them. X-rays that are generated by 100,000 volts can pass through body tissue and are used to produce images – popularly known as X-rays. X-rays, generated at several million volts can destroy tissue and are used in RADIOTHERAPY for killing cancer cells. Gamma rays are similar to X-rays but are produced by the decay of radioactive materials. Particle radiation, which can be produced electrically or by radioactive decay, comprises parts of atoms which have mass as well as (usually) an electrical charge.

Non-ionising radiation includes ultraviolet light, radio waves, magnetic ?elds and ULTRASOUND. Magnetic ?elds are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound, which is inaudible high-frequency sound waves, and is used for both diagnoses and treatment in medicine.... radiation

An individual trained in the techniques of taking X-ray pictures (see X-RAYS) of areas of the body is known as a diagnostic radiographer. One who is trained to treat patients with RADIOTHERAPY is a therapeutic radiographer.... radiographer

Radionuclide is another word for a radioactive ISOTOPE. These isotopes are used in a scanning technique of body tissues. Di?erent types of tissue – and normal or abnormal tissues – absorb varying amounts of the isotopes; these di?erences are detected, recorded and displayed on a screen.... radionuclide

A cancer that responds to radiotherapy.... radiosensitive

Both vegetable and animal tissues produce free radicals as a normal metabolic byproduct. They are found in many areas of human activity.

A radical is a group of atoms which can combine in the same way as single atoms to make a molecule. Free means uncombined. A free radical is a state in which a radical can exist before it combines – an incomplete molecule containing oxygen which has an uneven electrical charge. High energy oxygen atoms are known to form atheroma.

As well as being substances that take part in a process of metabolism, free radicals can be found in industrial fumes and cigarette smoke. They are oxidants and have an anti-bacterial effect. But their activity is not confined to bacteria alone. When produced in large amounts as in inflammation and infection, they may have a damaging effect upon the lining of blood vessels and other tissues. An excess is produced in ischaemic heart disease. They have been shown to be involved in jet lag, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, thrombosis, heart failure, cancer, irradiation sickness and a weak immune system. Damaging to the DNA, they are probably the greatest single cause of ill health. They hasten the ageing process. Vitamins A, C, E, being antioxidants and the mineral Selenium stimulate certain enzyme systems to limit damage done by these destructive elements.

Losing weight is believed to generate free radicals – a metabolic side-effect of dieting. See: ANTIOXIDANTS. ... free radicals

A term for anything that is almost transparent to radiation, especially to X-rays and gamma radiation.... radiolucent

This term describes anything that blocks radiation, especially X-rays and gamma rays.

As many body tissues are radiolucent, some X-ray imaging procedures require the introduction of radiopaque substances into the body to make organs stand out clearly.... radiopaque

A colourless, odourless, tasteless, radioactive gaseous element produced by the radioactive decay of radium.... radon

A method of obtaining X-ray photographs of the chests of large numbers of people. It has been used on a large scale as a means of screening the population for pulmonary TUBERCULOSIS. It is no longer used in the United Kingdom.... mass miniature radiography

Linn. non-Roxb. & auct.

Vigna radiata (Linn.)

Family: Papilionaceae; Fabaceae.

Habitat: Extensively cultivated all over India.

English: Greengram, Golden Gram.

Ayurvedic: Mudga, Mungalya.

Unani: Moong.

Siddha/Tamil: Pattishai-payaru.

Action: Used as a pulse. Soup is given as a diet to patients of enlarged liver and spleen, and after recovery from acute illness. A poultice of it is used for checking secretion of milk and reducing distention of the mammary glands.... phaseolus radiatus

(English) Of the red cliffs Radcleff, Radclef, Radclif, Radclife, Radclyffe, Radclyf, Radcliphe, Radclyphe... radcliffe

(English) An elfin counselor Radell, Radel, Radele, Radella, Radela, Raedself, Radself, Raidself... radella

(Roxb.) K. Schum.

Synonym: Bignonia xylocarpa Roxb. Stereospermum xylocarpum (Roxb.) Wt.

Family: Bignoniaceae.

Habitat: Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.

English: Padri tree.

Siddha/Tamil: Vedanguruni, Pathiri.

Folk: Paadiri. Kharsing, Kadashing, Bairsinge (Maharashtra).

Action: Plant—antiseptic. Resin— used for the treatment of skin diseases. Rootbark—bitter, astringent; used as substitute for Stereospermumpersonatum (Hassk.) D. Chatterjee and S. suaveolens DC. (Trumpet-Flower, Yellow Snake tree, also known as Padri).

The leaves gave flavonoids, dinatin and its glycoside. Roots yielded O- acetyl oleanolic acid, stigmasterol and a red pigment, radermachol.... radermachera xylocarpa

(Arabic) One who is content; satisfied

Radeya, Radhiya, Radhiyah, Radhia, Radhiah, Radhea, Radheah... radeyah

(Hindi) A successful woman; in Hinduism, one of Krishna’s consorts Radhah, Radhika, Radhikah, Radheeka, Radhyka, Radheaka... radha

Neuralgia of the nerve roots... radiculalgia

Substances which absorb X-RAYS, rather than transmitting them, appear white on X-ray ?lm and are described as radio-opaque. This is true of bones, teeth, certain types of gall-stones, renal stones and contrast media used to enhance the accuracy of radiographic imaging.... radio-opaque

See ISOTOPE.... radioactive isotopes

Protection, Lust ... radish

(Slavic) Hardworking for the people

Radilla, Radinka, Radmila, Redmilla, Radilu... radmilla

(Arabic) From the mountain in Medina

Radwah, Radhwa, Radhwah... radwa

Raphanus sativus L., var nigra. Roots.

Action: cholagogue, digestive, hepatic.

Uses: Indigestion. To increase bile production in liver disorders and to increase intestinal peristalsis. Dyskinesias. Gall bladder disorders. Constipation. Dyspepsia.

Preparations: Powder. 230mg capsules; 3 capsules midday and evening 15 minutes before meals. (Arkocaps)

Freshly pressed Juice: half-1 cup daily. If too pungent mix with a little Slippery Elm powder. ... black radish

Treatment of a cancerous tumour by inserting radioactive material into the growth or into neighbouring tissue. Using this method, also called brachytherapy, radiation can be targeted at the diseased area.

Radioactive material (usually artificial radioisotopes) contained in wires, small tubes, or seeds is then implanted into or near the diseased tissue under general anaesthesia. The material is left in place for variable amounts of time depending on the radioactive substance and the tumour being treated. (See also intracavitary therapy; radiotherapy.)... interstitial radiotherapy

Cochlearia armoracia L. Armoracia rusticana, Gaertn. Part used: root.

Constituents: asparagine, B vitamins, Vitamin C, sinigrin and other glucosinolates, resin.

Action: efficient alternative to Cayenne pepper, Diuretic, urinary antispetic, diaphoretic, carminative; liver, spleen and pancreatic stimulant. Bacteriostatic action on Gram-negative bacilli. (Rudat K.D. (1957) Journal Hyg. Epidem. Microbiol. Immunol. Prague 1213)

To raise vital force in the elderly. Antibiotic. Circulatory stimulant with warming effect. Digestive aid. Anti-thyroid.

Uses: Feeble circulation, hypothermia, hyperthyroidism, frostbite, chilblains, absence of stomach acid in the elderly, dropsy following fevers, proteinuria (albuminuria), to arrest vaginal discharge. Hoarseness (1 teaspoon juice in honey). Rheumatic joints (poultice). Common cold, influenza and early stages of fever: cup of Horse Radish tea every 2-3 hours. Combine with Juniper berries (equal parts) for dropsy and kidney stone. Purulent wounds: cold decoction used as a lotion.

Preparations: Average dose: 1-2 grams; thrice daily.

Tea: 1 teaspoon grated fresh root in each cup boiling water; infuse 20 minutes. Half-1 cup in sips, freely. Horse Radish vinegar. 1oz scraped fresh root to 1 pint cider vinegar. 1-2 teaspoons in water for catarrh, sinusitis, poor circulation or as a male tonic.

Steeping slices of the fresh root in cider produces a copious discharge of urine in dropsy.

Tablets, Blackmore’s Labs: Horse Radish powder 350mg; Dolomite 140mg; Gum Acacia 20mg; Magnesium stearate 10mg.

Diet: Mayonnaise: whip double cream until stiff and fold in fresh grated root, flaked almonds, lemon juice and seasoning, with a little Paprika.

Note: One of the five bitter herbs eaten by the Jews during the Passover Festival. ... horse radish

Harmful ultraviolet radiation from depletion of the ozone layer may affect general health and cause skin cancers, cataracts and immune deficiency. The protection offered by antioxidant nutrients can play a part in reducing the incidence of lens cataract. Until scientific medicine discovers effective treatment it would appear that Vitamins A, E, and Evening Primrose oil have a role to play in protection of the eyes and skin. Horsetail, rich in silica, is believed to delay progression of cataract when taken internally.

Topical. Creams to prevent burning: Vitamin E, Evening Primrose, Houseleek, Aloe Vera. Honey. Most creams contain Vitamin E which acts as a filter and moisturiser.

Diet. Foods rich in beta-carotene, Vitamins C and E.

Supplements. Vitamins A and E.

Note: Use of sunglasses and sun screens on sunny days to avoid burning. Wearing of a hat. ... ozone radiation

A now uncommon procedure in which radiating incisions are made in the cornea (up to, but not through, its innermost layer) to reduce myopia.

Radial keratotomy has been largely replaced by laser procedures, such as LASIK, which carry less risk of permanent damage to the eye.... keratotomy, radial

A surgical procedure for the removal of cancerous lymph nodes in the neck.

The operation is commonly part of the treatment of cancer of the tongue, tonsils, or other structures in the mouth and throat.... neck dissection, radical

See radionuclide scanning.... radioisotope scanning

(CR) a system for replacing photographic film with a charged plate. Exposure to X-rays knocks charge off the plate. The resultant image can be read by a laser beam and stored digitally or printed out as required. This system is widely used in conjunction with *PACS systems.... computerized radiography

1. a series of radiating fibres between the cerebral cortex and the internal capsule of the brain. 2. a layer of follicle cells that surrounds a freshly ovulated ovum. The cells are elongated radially to the ovum when seen in section.... corona radiata

Hazards from radiation may arise from external sources of radiation or from radioactive materials taken into the body. The effects depend on the dose, the duration of exposure, and the organs exposed.

With some forms of radiation, damage occurs when the radiation dose exceeds a certain limit, usually 1 sievert (Sv) (see radiation unit). This damage may include radiation dermatitis, cataracts, organ failure (which may occur many years later), or radiation sickness.

For other types of radiation damage, the risk that damage will occur increases with increasing doses of radiation. Cancer caused by radiation-induced mutation is the major example of this type of damage. Radioactive leaks from nuclear reactors can cause a rise in mutation rates, which may lead to an increase in cancers, such as leukaemias; to birth defects; and to hereditary diseases. Cancer usually develops years after exposure. Radiation damage can be controlled by limiting exposure. People exposed to radiation at work have their exposure closely monitored to ensure that it does not exceed safe limits. People of reproductive age or younger should have their reproductive organs shielded when having X-rays or radiotherapy.There is no evidence of radiation hazards with visual display units (VDUs).... radiation hazards

Several different internationally agreed units (called units) are used to measure ionizing radiation. For example, the roentgen (R) measures the amount of radiation in the air, and the becquerel is the unit of spontaneous activity of a radioactive source such as uranium. For medical purposes, the most commonly used units are the gray (Gy) and the sievert (Sv).

The gray is the unit of radiation that is actually absorbed by any tissue or substance as a result of exposure to radiation. 1 Gy is the absorption of 1 joule of energy (from gamma radiation or X-rays) per kilogram of irradiated matter. The gray supersedes an older unit called the rad (1 Gy = 100 rads).

Because some types of radiation affect biological organisms more than others, the sievert is used as a measure of the impact of an absorbed dose. It uses additional factors, such as the kind of radiation and its energy, to quantify the effects on the body of equivalent amounts of different types of absorbed energy. The sievert replaces an older unit, the rem (1 Sv=100 rems).... radiation unit

A diagnostic technique based on detection of radiation emitted by radioactive substances introduced into the body. Substances are taken up to different degrees by different tissues, allowing specific organs to be studied. For example, iodine is taken up mainly by the thyroid gland, so by “tagging” a sample of iodine with a radioactive marker (radionuclide), the uptake of iodine can be monitored to investigate the functioning of the gland. A radionuclide is swallowed or injected into the blood and accumulates in the target organ. It emits radiation in the form of gamma radiation, which is detected by a gamma camera to produce an image. Cross-sectional images (“slices”) can be obtained using a computer-controlled gamma camera that rotates around the patient. This specialized form of radionuclide scanning is known as (single photon emission computed tomography). Moving mation on blood flow, the movement of the heart walls, the flow of urine through the kidneys, and bile flow through the liver.

Radionuclide scanning is a safe procedure, requiring only minute doses of radiation that are excreted within hours. The radionuclides carry virtually no risk of toxicity or hypersensitivity.... radionuclide scanning

(DR) an alternative to film radiography, by acquiring X-ray images from a large number of individual X-ray detectors on a matrix in a digital format directly. This contrasts with *computerized radiography, in which an *analogue image is taken and then put into a reader to be converted into a *digital image. The technique allows the storage of images and their subsequent retrieval, manipulation, and interpretation using computers (see PACS).... digital radiography

see teletherapy.... external beam radiotherapy

(IGRT) the process of imaging during a course of radiation treatment to verify the internal position of the target in comparison to the initial planning scan. This enables adjustment of *treatment fields to improve coverage and allows the use of smaller treatment volumes. The possible methods for IGRT include cone beam CT, *tomotherapy, *cyberknife, and ultrasound and kilovoltage X-rays of implanted fiducial markers.... image-guided radiotherapy

(IMRT) radiotherapy using multiple beams with variable intensity across each field, resulting in dose distributions that can fit to concave shapes and thus reduce dose to surrounding healthy tissues and organs. It can be used to treat a wide range of cancers and can enable safe delivery of higher doses to tumours.... intensity-modulated radiotherapy

a branch of radiology in which complex procedures are performed using imaging guidance, which avoids patients having to undergo invasive surgery to achieve the same results. This is often termed ‘pinhole surgery’. Guidance is commonly by X-ray fluoroscopy, ultrasound, or computerized tomography, and recently also by magnetic resonance imaging. Procedures commonly performed include angioplasty and stenting of vascular structures, drainage of fluid collections or abscesses, stenting of obstructions to the gastrointestinal tract, embolization, cryotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation.... interventional radiology

Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System: see BI-RADS.... li-rads

Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System: see BI-RADS.... pi-rads

adj. relating to or associated with the radius (a bone in the forearm).... radial

(PRRT) a type of radiotherapy used to treat neuroendocrine tumours (NETs; see neuroendocrine system). A *radionuclide is combined with a relevant *peptide to create a so-called radiopeptide, which is injected into the patient’s bloodstream. Because NETs have an overexpression of peptide receptors, the radiopeptide binds to the tumour, delivering a high dose of radiation directly to the cancer cells. The chief merit of PRRT is this ability to target delivery of radionuclides for highly localized treatment. A similar technique, using a gamma emitter as the radionuclide, can be used for locating and imaging NETs.... peptide receptor radionuclide therapy

an operation for short-sightedness (myopia). Deep cuts into the tissue of the cornea are placed radially around the outer two-thirds of the cornea; this flattens the curvature of the central part of the cornea and reduces the myopia. This procedure is now rarely performed, having been superseded by *excimer laser treatment.... radial keratotomy

flexion of the forearm (and sometimes also of the fingers) that occurs when the lower end of the radius is tapped. It is due to contraction of the brachioradialis muscle, which is stimulated by tapping its point of insertion in the radius.... radial reflex

measures designed to limit the dose of harmful radiation to patients and workers. Medical exposure to radiation is governed in the UK by the Department of Health and Social Care under the Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposures) Regulations 2000 (IRMER). A guiding theme of protection is the ALARA principle (“as low as reasonably achievable”).... radiation protection

vigorous treatment that aims at the complete cure of a disease rather than the mere relief of symptoms. Compare conservative treatment.... radical treatment

n. (in anatomy) 1. a small *root. 2. the initial fibre of a nerve or the origin of a vein. —radicular adj.... radicle

combining form denoting 1. radiation. 2. radioactive substances.... radio

the administration of an estimated amount of the radioactive isotope iodine-131 as a drink in order to treat an overactive thyroid gland (see thyrotoxicosis). The iodine concentrates in the thyroid and thus delivers its beta radiation locally, with little effect on other tissues. The gland will shrink and become euthyroid over the succeeding 8–12 weeks but there is a high incidence of subsequent hypothyroidism (up to 80%), which requires lifetime treatment with thyroxine. The treatment cannot be used if there is any suspicion of pregnancy, and the patient must stay away from young children and pregnant women for around 10 days after administration. Despite these drawbacks, radioactive iodine remains a popular form of treatment for any cause of hyperthyroidism.... radioactive iodine therapy

n. see autoradiography.... radioautography

n. the study of the effects of radiation on living cells and organisms. Studies of the behaviour of cancer cells exposed to radiation have important applications in *radiotherapy, revealing why some tumours fail to respond to the treatment; this has led to the development of new radiotherapy techniques that make tumours more susceptible to treatment by radiation.... radiobiology

n. inflammation of the skin after exposure to ionizing radiation. This may occur after a short dose of heavy radiation (radiotherapy or atomic explosions) or prolonged exposure to small doses, as may happen accidentally to X-ray workers. The skin becomes dry, hairless, and atrophied, losing its colouring.... radiodermatitis

(RPM) see palatoplasty.... radiofrequency palatal myoplasty

n. a method of identifying the site of a tumour (e.g. colorectal cancer) that relies on its uptake of radioactive isotopes attached to an appropriate anticancer immune cell. As yet this technique is little used in clinical practice.... radioimmunolocalization

n. treatment in which a radioactive substance is linked to an antibody that attaches to a specific type of tumour cell, thus delivering the radiation to the tumour and limiting damage to healthy cells. See monoclonal antibody.... radioimmunotherapy

the use of radioactive iodine (iodine-131) to destroy any residual thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy for cancer. Subsequent radioiodine treatment may be necessary to treat suspected or known residual thyroid cancer cells. Following ablation, thyroglobulin levels can be used as a *tumour marker.... radioiodine ablation

n. an *isotope of an element that emits alpha, beta, or gamma radiation during its decay into another element. Artificial radioisotopes, produced by bombarding elements with beams of neutrons, are widely used in medicine as *tracers and as sources of radiation for the different techniques of *radiotherapy.... radioisotope

(selective internal radiation therapy; SIRT) n. an *interventional radiology technique used in liver cancers. It is similar to *transarterial chemoembolization, but instead of a chemotherapeutic agent yttrium-90 particles are injected into the liver. These emit beta radiation, which kills the cells within 2 mm of their radius. SIRT is a palliative technique.

radiofrequency ablation (RFA) the selective destruction of abnormal conducting tissue in the heart by the targeted delivery of radiofrequency energy via a catheter under X-ray and electrocardiographic guidance. It is usually curative in patients with supraventricular re-entrant tachycardia and is the treatment of choice for this condition (see supraventricular tachycardia; Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome). It can be used for a variety of other arrhythmias with varying degrees of success. *Cryoablation is an alternative approach that uses freezing to destroy the abnormal tissue.... radioembolization

n. a physician specializing in the interpretation of X-rays and other imaging techniques for the diagnosis of disease. An interventional radiologist specializes in the use of imaging to guide *interventional radiology techniques.... radiologist

(RIS) a computer database used to keep details of all the patients attending a clinical radiology department. It records patient demographics, imaging procedures done, medications given and dosage, person performing the imaging, and time and place of examination. Radiologist reports interpreting the images will also feature here. The RIS is vital to the functioning of a picture archiving and communications system (see PACS) and the electronic medical record system.... radiology information system

n. death (*necrosis) of tissue, commonly bone or skin, caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, as in *radiotherapy. It can be induced by subsequent injury or surgery. See ionization.... radionecrosis

n. see peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.... radiopeptide

n. a substance that increases the sensitivity of cells to radiation. The presence of oxygen and other compounds with a high affinity for electrons will increase radiosensitivity. Chemotherapy drugs such as fluorouracil and cisplatin can be used concurrently with radiotherapy as radiosensitizers (see chemoradiotherapy).... radiosensitizer

n. a doctor who specializes in treatment with radiotherapy.... radiotherapist

n. see root.... radix

see radioembolization.... selective internal radiation therapy

Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System: see BI-RADS.... ti-rads