Sen: From 2 Different Sources
(Vietnamese) Resembling the lotus flower
see special educational needs.
A high rate of detection of “true positives”, for example, the fraction of subjects who actually received good care who are classified as recipients of good care. For medical screening tests, sensitivity is the proportion of truly diseased persons in the screened population who are identified as diseased by the screening test. Sensitivity is a measure of the probability of correctly diagnosing a case, or the probability that any given case will be identified by the test (synonymous with ‘true positive rate’).... sensitivity
The generalized characterization of progressive decline in mental or physical functioning as a condition of the ageing process. Within geriatric medicine, this term has limited meaning and has generally been replaced by more specific terminology.... senility
See PAIN; TOUCH.... sensation
See BRAIN.... sensory cortex
A substantial reduction in the volume of SENSORY information impinging on the body – for instance, sitting in a dark, silent room. Prolonged deprivation is potentially harmful as the body needs constant stimulation in order to function normally. The main input organs are the eyes, ears, skin and nose. The absence of sensations disorients a person and results in neurological dysfunction. Some interrogation techniques involve sensory deprivation to ‘soften up’ the individual being questioned.... sensory deprivation
See under EYE, DISORDERS OF.... arcus senilis
Cassia sennaCaesalpiniaceaeSan: Svarnapatri;Hin: Sanay, Sana Ka Patt;Ben: Sonamukhi;Mal: Sunnamukki, Chonnamukki, Nilavaka;Tam: Nilavirai, Nilavakai;Tel: NetatangeduImportance: Indian Senna or Tinnevelly senna is a shrub very highly esteemed in India for its medicinal value. The leaves are useful in constipation, abdominal disorders, leprosy, skin diseases, leucoderma, splenomegaly, hepatopathy, jaundice, helminthiasis, dyspepsia, cough, bronchitis, typhoid fever, anaemia, tumours and vitiated conditions of pitta and vata (Warrier et al,1994). It is used in Ayurvedic preparations; “Pancha Sakara Churna”, “Shat Sakara Churna” and “Madhu Yastyadi Churna” used for constipation. Its use is widespread in Unani system and some of the important products of this system containing senna are “Itrifal Mulayyin”, “Jawarish Ood Mulayyin”, “Hab Shabyar”, “Sufuf Mulliyin”, “Sharbat Ahmad Shahi”, etc. used as a mild laxative (Thakur et al, 1989).Distribution: The plant is of Mediterranean origin. It is found in Somalia, Saudi Arabia, parts of Pakistan and Kutch area of Gujarat. It is largely cultivated in Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, Madurai and Salem districts of Tamil Nadu.Botany: The genus Cassia, belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae, comprises of a number of species, namely,C. senna Linn. syn. C. angustifolia Vahl.C. absus Linn.C. alata Linn.C. auriculata Linn.C. burmanni Wight. syn. C. obovata (Linn.) Collad.C. glauca Lam.C. javanica Linn.C. mimosoides Linn.C. obtusifolia Linn. syn. C. tora Linn.C. occidentalis Linn.C. pumila Lam.C. slamea Lam.C. acutifolia Delile.C. sophera Linn.C. senna is a shrub or undershrub, 60-75cm in height with pale subterete or obtusely angled erect or spreading branches. Leaves are paripinnate. Leaflets are 5-8 in number, ovate-lanceolate and glabrous. Flowers are yellowish, many and arranged in axillary racemes. Fruits are flat legumes, greenish brown to dark brown and nearly smooth (Chopra et al,1980, Warrier et al,1994).In commerce, the leaves and pods obtained from C. senna are known as “ Tinnevelly Senna” and those from C. acutifolia Delile. as “Alexandrian Senna”. The leaves of C. acutifolia are narrower than C. senna, otherwise both resemble to a large extent (Thakur et al, 1989). All the true Sennas have the portions of their leaves unequally divided. In some kinds the lower part of one side is reduced to little more than a line in breadth, while the other is from a quarter to half an inch in breadth. The drug known under the name of East Indian Senna is nearly free from adulteration; and as its properties appear identical with those of the Alexandrian and the price being less, it probably will supersede it in general practice. Its size and shape readily identify it (Graves, 1996).Agrotechnology: The plant requires a mild subtropical climate with warm winters which are free from frost for its growth. Semiarid areas with adequate irrigation facilities are ideal for cultivation. Areas having high rainfall, humidity and poor drainage are not suitable. Light or medium loamy soils with adequate drainage and pH varying from 7.0-8.2 are preferable. In South India both summer and winter crops are possible. The plant is propagated by seeds. The seed rate required is 15-20kg/ha. Seeds are sown in October-November (winter rainfed crop) or in February-March (irrigated crop). Higher seed rate is required for unirrigated crop. Seeds are sown in lines 30cm apart. Application of 5-10t of FYM/ha before planting or raising a green manure crop is beneficial. About 40kg N and 25-50kg P2O5/ha applied as basal dressing and 40kg N/ha applied in 2 split dozes as top dressing gave better yield. While the rainfed crop is grown without irrigation, the irrigated crop requires 5-8 light irrigations during the entire growing season. The crop requires 2-3 weedings and hoeings in order to keep it free from weeds. Alternaria alternata causes leaf spot and dieback but the disease is not serious. In North India, the plant is attacked by the larvae of butterfly Catopsilia pyranthe which can be controlled by planting the crop in March-April instead of June-July. Under irrigated conditions, the first crop is obtained after 90 days of planting. The leaves are stripped by hand when they are fully green, thick and bluish-green in colour. The second crop is taken 4 weeks after the first harvest and the third 4-6 weeks after the second one. The last harvest of leaves is done when the entire crop is harvested along with the pods. Yield under irrigated conditions is nearly1.4t of leaves and 150kg pods/ha and under unirrigated conditions is 500-600kg leaves and 80-100kg pods/ha. The leaves are dried in thin layers under shade so as to retain the green colour and the pods are hung for 10-12 days to get dried. The leaves and pods are cleaned, graded and marketed (Husain et al, 1993).Properties and Activity: Leaves contain glucose, fructose, sucrose and pinnitol. Mucilage consists of galactose, arabinose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid. Leaves also contain sennoside-C(8,8’- diglucoside of rhein-aloe-emodin-dianthrone). Pods contain sennosides A and B, glycoside of anthraquinones rhein and chrysophanic acid. Seeds contain -sitosterol (Husain et al, 1992). Leaves and pods also contain 0.33% -sterol and flavonols-kaempferol, kaempferin, and iso-rhamnetin. Sennoside content of C. acutifolia is higher ranging from 2.5% to 4.5% as compared to C. angustifolia ranging from 1.5 % to 2.5%.The purgative activity of Senna is attributed to its sennosides. The pods cause lesser griping than the leaves. Leaf and pod is laxative. The leaves are astringent, bitter, sweet, acrid, thermogenic, cathartic, depurative, liver tonic, anthelmintic, cholagogue, expectorant and febrifuge.... indian senna
Description applied to the part of the nervous system dedicated to bringing information on sensations affecting the body to the brain. The opposite of sensory nerves is motor nerves; these carry instructions for action to the voluntary muscles in the body.... sensory
The initial exposure of a person to an allergen or other substance recognized as foreign by the immune system, which leads to an immune response. On subsequent exposures to the same substance, there is a much stronger and faster immune reaction. This forms the basis of allergy and other types of hypersensitivity reaction.... sensitization
See “assisted living facility”.... group senior assisted housing
(Greek) Form of Agnes, meaning “one who is pure; chaste” Sengah, Sengya, Sengyah, Sengia, Sengiah, Sengea, Sengeah, Sengiya, Sengiyah... senga
An age-restricted apartment where the resident is expected to live with a high degree of independence. The age of eligibility varies and is often waived for the spouse of a resident.... senior apartment
A centre that provides a variety of onsite programmes (and sometimes outreach services) for older adults, including recreation, socialization, congregate meals, and some health services. Usually a good source of information about area programmes and services.... senior centre
Alternative term for an older person.... senior citizen
(French) One who is wise Senett, Sennette, Senette, Senet, Senete, Sennetta, Senetta, Senneta, Seneta... sennett
A term used to describe those sensations which underlie muscle tension and position of joint and muscle. These sensations send impulses along nerves to the brain, and thus inform it of the position of the limb in space and of the relative position to each other of individual muscles and muscle-groups and of joints.... kinaesthetic sensations
(Latin) One who is blessed Senna, Senah, Sennah... sena
(Spanish) A sign; a symbol Senaldah, Senaldia, Senaldiya, Senaldea, Senaldya... senalda
(Native American) A tribal name Senecka, Senecca, Seneka... seneca
(Spanish) A lively woman Senonah, Senonna, Senonia, Senoniya, Senonea... senona
Manufactured herbal preparation sold at botánicas and used for women’s health conditions, including menopause, infertility, vaginal infections, menstrual irregularities and uterine fibroids.... señora mueller
Senna tea is made out of senna, which is an herb that contains compounds called anthraquinones, resulting in intestinal contractions. It is a purgative, similar to aloe and rhubarb and is mainly used in alleviating constipation. It can be found in Middle Eastern, African and Asian countries.
Description of Senna Tea
Sennas plants are mainly shrubs, its yellow flowers don’t produce nectar and its fruit is a legume. You can find sennas also as herbs or even small trees, used for ornamental purposes.
Benefits of Senna Tea
Little is known about the potential benefits of senna tea, but being a purgative herb it is used today as a laxative by making muscles to contract, thus stimulating bowel movements, helping in the reduction of constipation. It is sometimes used before undertaking colonoscopy-a procedure used in screening colon cancer. Besides senna tea is being used as a way of losing weight, although there are some potential risks involving the intake of senna, as we are about to find out.
Side effects and risks of Senna Tea
Senna tea has to be used no more than 2 weeks, because of its high risk of dysfunction of bowel, according to the national institute of Health (NIH). Other risks imply: muscle weakness, liver damage, or heart function disorders. A side effect of taking senna medication is abdominal cramps and even Malanosis coli, a brown discoloration of the colon wall. The consumption of senna tea over an extensive period of time can produce toxicity to the liver according to a 2005 report of the Annals of Pharmacotherapy. Because there is no significant medical research taken into sennas beneficial effects on the body it cannot be used in health purposes yet.
Preparation of Senna Tea
You can boil 100 grams of the tea leaves in distilled water with 5 grams of fresh sliced ginger. Cover it for almost 15 minutes, strain, and drink hot or cold. Careful though if you leave it long enough to steep it will become stronger and therefore it could lead to abdominal cramping.
Senna tea is a strong, dangerous medicine used in modern times mostly in colon issues. You shouldn’t try to use Senna tea as a cure for more than a week and do it preferably at the doctor’s advice.... senna tea
See ALLERGY; ANAPHYLAXIS.... sensitisation
Cells or tissues that monitor the internal and external environment, either neurologically or chemically, and can initiate compensatory action or communicate to other parts that can react.... sensors
(German) Acting as an assistant Sentah, Sente... senta
(Latin) In mythology, goddess of children’s development Sentiah, Sensia, Senzia... sentia
An unexpected occurrence or variation involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. Serious injury specifically includes loss of limb or function. The event is called “sentinel” because it signals a need for closer attention.... sentinel event
Progressive loss of brain cells, atrophy; caused by stress and a number of diseases: Huntingdon’s Chorea, Alzheimer’s Disease, Pick’s Disease, syphilis, trauma, and by certain sedative, anxiolytic, diuretic and hypotensive drugs.
Symptoms. Disorientation, failure of memory for recent events, failure to comprehend, unable to form elemental judgements, confusion, ataxia (lack of coordination of muscles), emotional instability with outbursts, forgetful.
Alternatives. Remedies known to sustain the brain. Nervines and alteratives believed to leach from the body deposits of toxic minerals: aluminium, sulphur, mercury, etc. Gotu Kola, Ginseng, Ginkgo, Vitamin E conserve oxygen. Pulsatilla – success reported for mental outbursts. Vasodilator of value. Ginkgo favourably reported.
Teas. Basil, Ginseng, Gotu Kola, German Chamomile, Horsetail, Yarrow.
Tea. Formula. Equal parts, Ginkgo, German Chamomile, Yarrow. 1 heaped teaspoon to each cup boiling water; infuse 5-15 minutes; 1 cup thrice daily.
Tablets/capsules. Prickly Ash, Ginseng, Ginkgo, Kelp, Pulsatilla.
Powders, Liquid Extracts, Tinctures. Combine: Gotu Kola 3; Vervain 2; Rosemary 1. Doses.
Powders: 500mg; two 00 capsules or one-third teaspoon. Liquid Extracts: 1 teaspoon. Tinctures: 2 teaspoons. In water, honey or fruit juice thrice daily.
Incontinence. A frequent problem for which American Cranesbill is indicated.
Aromatherapy. Inhalation: Feverfew, Thyme.
Contra-indicated: Black Cohosh.
Diet. Low salt. Low fat. High fibre. Egg yolk. Lecithin.
Supplements. Folic acid, Vitamins B-complex, B12, C and E. Selenium, to conserve oxygen. Magnesium, Manganese, Zinc.
General. Home help. Meals on Wheels. Service from local Psychogeriatric unit. ... dementia, (senile)
Adult coeliac disease, coeliac sprue, non-tropical sprue, idiopathic steatorrhoea. Allergy to gluten which disturbs the small intestine by preventing the body from absorbing food nutrients. A child’s condition may worsen when put on solid cereals containing wheat, barley, rye or oats. “Allergic to pasta” disease. A change in the mucous membrane of the intestines with enzyme deficiency.
Symptoms: diarrhoea, abdominal swelling and pain, irritability, inability to gain weight, neuritis, ulcers on tongue and mouth, low blood pressure, debility, lactase-deficiency. Breast-feeding stops coeliac disease.
Alternatives. Tea. Mix, equal parts: Raspberry leaves, Agrimony, Lemon Balm. 2 teaspoons to each cup boiling water; infuse 15 minutes. 1 cup freely.
Tablets/capsules. Goldenseal, Slippery Elm. Calamus. Fenugreek seeds, Papaya. Wild Yam.
Powders, Liquid Extracts, Tinctures. Formula. Equal parts: Sarsaparilla, Wild Yam, Stone root. Dose. Powders: 500mg (two 00 capsules or one-third teaspoon). Liquid Extracts: 30-60 drops. Tinctures: 1-2 teaspoons. In water, banana mash or honey, thrice daily.
Papaya (papain) digests wheat gluten and assists recovery. Half-1g with meals.
Aloe Vera juice. Promotes improved bowel motility, increases stool specific gravity, and reduces indication of protein putrefaction, flatulence and bloating after meals. (J. Bland PhD. JAM June 1985, p.11)
Topical. Warm hip baths of Lemon Balm, Chamomile, etc. (Alfred Vogel)
Diet. Gluten-free. Rice. Unpasteurised yoghurt. Buttermilk. Sweet acidophilus milk. Raw carrot juice. Bananas mashed with a little Slippery Elm or dried milk powder, carob bean powder and Soya milk. Supplementation. Vitamins A, B-complex, B6, B12, Folic acid, C, D, E, K (Alfalfa tea). Calcium, Iron and Magnesium orotates. ... gluten-sensitive disease
A method taught to couples who are experiencing sexual difficulties caused by psychological rather than physiological factors. The aim of the technique is to make both partners more aware of pleasurable bodily sensations, and to reduce anxiety about performance. It is particularly effective in treating loss of sexual desire (see sexual desire, inhibited), or inability to achieve orgasm (see orgasm, lack of), and in helping men to overcome impotence or premature ejaculation (see ejaculation, disorders of).... sensate-focus technique
Deafness due to problems with the inner ear, nerves, or the brain’s auditory area.... sensorineural deafness
see exploding head syndrome.... episodic cranial sensory shock
n. the process of ageing, which is often marked by a decrease in physical and mental abilities. —senescent adj.... senescence
n. one of the faculties by which the qualities of the external environment are appreciated – sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch.... sense
a collection of specialized cells (*receptors), connected to the nervous system, that is capable of responding to a particular stimulus from either outside or inside the body. Sense organs can detect light (the eyes), heat, pain, and touch (the skin), smell (the nose), and taste (the taste buds).... sense organ
n. the ability to be affected by, and respond to, changes in the surroundings (see stimulus). Sensibility is a characteristic of cells of the nervous system.... sensibility
adj. possessing the ability to respond to a *stimulus. The cells of the retina, for example, are sensitive to the stimulus of light and respond by sending nerve impulses to the brain. Other *receptors are sensitive to different specific stimuli, such as pressure or the presence of chemical substances.... sensitive
a nerve that carries information inwards, from an outlying part of the body towards the central nervous system. Different sensory nerves convey information about temperature, pain, touch, taste, etc., to the brain. Compare motor nerve.... sensory nerve
the first lymph node to show evidence of metastasis (spread) of a malignant tumour (e.g. breast cancer) via the lymphatic system. Absence of cancer cells in the sentinel node indicates that more distal lymph nodes will also be free of metastasis. In breast cancer, the change in practice to perform axillary lymph node dissection only if the sentinel node contains metastatic tumour has reduced the risk of arm lymphoedema. Similarly, in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, the sentinel lymph node procedure is used as an alternative to neck dissection.... sentinel lymph node
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