Swertia paniculata Health Dictionary

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Swertia Paniculata: From 1 Different Sources

Wall.

Synonym: Ophelia paniculata (Wall.) D. Don O. wallichii G. Don

Family: Gentianaceae.

Habitat: The Himalaya from Kashmir to Bhutan and in Lushai Hills in Mizoram at 1,500-2,400 m.

Action: Used as a substitute for Swertia chirayita.

The root gave xanthones (including swerchirin and bellidifolin); flavone- C-glycosides—swertisin and homoori- entin. The plant gave polyoxygenated xanthones and xanthone-O-glucosi- des; also a pentacyclic triterpenehed- eragenin. Aerial parts, in addition to xanthones, contain ursolic acid.
Health Source: Indian Medicinal Plants
Author: Health Dictionary

Erycibe Paniculata

Roxb.

Family: Convolvulaceae.

Habitat: Throughout India, common in Uttar Pradesh.

Ayurvedic: Ashoka-rohini (non- classical).

Siddha/Tamil: Unamkodi.

Action: Bark—anticholerin. Ripe fruit eaten in constipation. Pounded root prescribed internally in fever. Bark is used in cholera.

EtOH (50%) extract of aerial parts exhibit diuretic and hypotensive activity.... erycibe paniculata

Microcos Paniculata

Linn.

Synonym: Grewia microcos Linn. G. ulmifolia Roxb.

Family: Tiliaceae.

Habitat: North-eastern parts of India, West Bengal, Western Ghats and Andaman Islands.

Folk: Asar (Bengal); Thengprenke- orong (Assam); Kadambu, Visalam, Kottei (Tamil Nadu); Abhrangu (Karnataka).

Action: Plant—stomachic, an- tidysenteric, antisyphilitic, antibacterial (also used for smallpox and eczema).... microcos paniculata

Swertia Affinis

C. B. Clarke.

Synonym: S. angustifolia Buch.- Ham ex. D. Don var. pulchella Burkill.

Family: Gentianaceae.

Habitat: Sub-tropical Himalaya from Himachal Pradesh to Bhutan, the Khasi and Lushai Hills, Manipur at 300-1,800 m. Bihar and Peninsular India up to 1,800 m.

Ayurvedic: Kiraatatikta (related species).

Action: Febrifuge and bitter tonic.... swertia affinis

Swertia Angustifolia

Buch.-Ham ex D. Don.

Family: Gentianaceae.

Habitat: Sub-tropical Himalaya from Kashmir to Bhutan.

Ayurvedic: Kiraata (sweet var.).

Folk: Pahaari Kiretta, Mithaa (sweet) Kiryaat.

Action: Used as a substitute for S. chirayita. (Inferior in bitter tonic properties.)

Aerial parts gave ursolic acid, xan- thones and beta-sitosterol. Several tetra-and pentaoxygenated xanthones have been isolated from the plant.... swertia angustifolia

Swertia Chirayita

(Roxb. ex Flem.) Karst.

Synonym: S. chirata (Wall.) C. B. Clarke.

S. tongluensis Burkill. Gentiana chirayita Roxb. ex Flem. G. chirata Wall. Ophelia chirata Griseb.

Family: Gentianaceae.

Habitat: Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan and in Khasi Hills.

English: Chiretta.

Ayurvedic: Kiraata, Kairaata, Kiraataka, Kandatikta, Kiraatatikta, Kiraatatiktaka, Katutikta, Trin- nimba, Bhuunimba, Aranyatikta, Raamasenaka. Bhuunimba (also equated with Andrographis paniculata).

Unani: Chiraitaa.

Siddha: Nilavembu.

Action: Blood purifier and bitter tonic (The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India); used in skin diseases. Other properties: antiinflammatory (experimentally, the benzene extract was comparable with phenylbutazone and betamethasone in induced arthritis); hypoglycaemic (xanthone, swerchirin, lowers blood sugar), astringent, stomachic (in dyspepsia and diarrhoea); antimalarial (before the discovery of Peruvian bark), anthelmintic; antiasthmatic, bechic; and as a liver tonic (several active principles are hepatoprotective).

The herb contains oxygenated xan- thone derivatives, including decus- satin, mangiferin, swerchirin, swer- tianin, isobellidifolin; iridoids including chiratin, alkaloids including gen- tianine, gentiocrucine, enicoflavine and glycosyl flavones.

Antitubercular activity has been claimed in xanthones. (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)

Green chiretta is equated with Andrographis paniculata Nees, Acantha- ceae.

Dosage: Whole plant—1-3 g powder; 20-30 g for decoction. (API, Vol. I.)... swertia chirayita

Swertia Ciliata

(D. Don) Burtt.

Synonym: S. purpurascens Wall. ex C. B. Clarke.

Family: Gentianaceae.

Habitat: From Konkan to Kerala at 1,500-2,000 m.

Ayurvedic: Shailaja, Kiraatatikta (related species).

Action: A substitute for S. chirayita. The whole plant contains a number of tetraoxygenated and pentaoxygenated xanthones.... swertia ciliata

Swertia Densifolia

(Griseb.) Kashyapa.

Synonym: S. decussata Nimmo ex Grah.... swertia densifolia

Swertia Lawii

Burkill.

Synonym: S. corymbosa var. lawii C. B. Clarke.

Family: Gentianaceae.

Habitat: Western Ghats from Maharashtra to South Kanara at 1,200 m.

Ayurvedic: Kiraatatikta (related species).

Action: Used as a substitute for Swertia chirayita.

Whole plant gave a number of xan- thones. Erythrocentaurin has also been reported from the plant.... swertia lawii

Symplocos Paniculata

(Thunb.) Miq.

Synonym: S. crataegoides Buch. Ham. ex Don. S. chinensis (Lour.) Druce. Prunus paniculatus Thunb.

Habitat: The Himalayas from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh and Assam; Khasi Hills at 1,0002,500 m.

English: Sapphire Berry.

Ayurvedic: Lodhra-Pattikaa.

Unani: Lodh Pathaani.

Action: Leaf—spasmolytic, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anthelmintic. Bark— used as a tonic for preventing abortion. Other uses same as of S. racemosa.

The water-soluble fraction from the bark has been reported to exhibit anti- oxytocic activity. Ethanolic extract of the leaves showed activity against Entamoeba histolytica strain STA, Ascaridia galli and Ranikhet-disease virus. It also affected blood pressure in dogs and cats, and showed activity on the ileum of guinea-pigs. The extract of stem also affected the blood pressure.

The leaf and stem are CVS active.... symplocos paniculata

Terminalia Paniculata

Roth.

Family: Combretaceae.

Habitat: Forests of Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats up to 1,200 m.

English: Flowering Murdah.

Folk: Kinjal (Maharashtra); Neemeeri, Nimiri (Andhra Pradesh); Pekadukkai (Tamil Nadu); Pilamuruthu, Pillamurda (Kerala). Kindal (trade).

Action: Bark—diuretic, cardiotonic. Juice of the bark, mixed with purified butter and rock-salt, is applied in parotitis.

The heartwood gave 3,3'-O-di- methylellagic acid and 3,4,3'-O-tri- methylflavellagic acid. A triterpene carboxylic acid, beta-sitosterol, a gly- coside 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid- 4-monoglucoside and O-pentamethyl flavellagic acid have been isolated.

The bark contains 14% tannins, also beta-sitosterol.... terminalia paniculata

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