Syzygium zeylanicum Health Dictionary

Syzygium Zeylanicum: From 1 Different Sources


(Linn.) DC.

Synonym: Eugenia zeylanica (L.) Wight.

Family: Myrtaceae.

Habitat: Maharshtra, Mysore, Kerala, Orissa and Andaman Islands.

Siddha/Tamil: Marungi.

Folk: Bhedas (Maharashtra).

Action: Leaves and roots— vermifuge. Plant—stimulant, antirheumatic. (Berries—white, the size of a pea; edible.)

Among other members of the genus, S. arnottianum (Wight) Walp. and S. caryophyllatum (Linn.) Alston are distributed in South India, particularly in Western Ghats. The fruits are edible. Stem bark of all the species contain tannin, that of S. arnottianum up to 16%.
Health Source: Indian Medicinal Plants
Author: Health Dictionary

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum

Synonym: C. verum Persl.

Family: Lauraceae.

Habitat: Western Ghats at low levels. Plantations of cinnamon are confined to Kerala State.

English: Cinnamon, Ceylon Cinnamon.

Ayurvedic: Tvak, Daaruchini, Chochaa, Choncha, Varaanga, Utkata, Daarusitaa (bark).

Unani: Daarchini (bark).

Siddha/Tamil: Elavangappattai.

Folk: Daalchini.

Action: Bark—carminative, astringent, antispasmodic, expectorant, haemostatic, antiseptic. Leaf— antidiabetic. Ground cinnamon is used in diarrhoea and dysentery; for cramps of the stomach, gastric irritation; for checking nausea and vomiting; used externally in toothache, neuralgia and rheumatism. The bark is included in medicinal preparations for indigestion, flatulence, flu, mothwashes, gargles, herbal teas.

Key application: As antibacterial and fungistatic. Internally, for loss of appetite, dyspeptic complaints such as mild spastic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, bloating and flatulence. (German Commission E, ESCOP.) Contraindicated in stomach and duodenal ulcers. (WHO.)

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia ofIn- dia indicated the use of dried mature leaves of Cinnamomum tamala and dried inner bark of C. zeylanicum in sinusitis.

Cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent (74%) of the essential oil from bark.

Major constituent of the leaf oil is eugenol (28-98%) and that of root- bark oil camphor (60%).

Cinnamaldehyde is hypotensive, spasmolytic and increases peripheral blood flow; and it inhibits cyclooxy- genase and lipoxygenase enzymes of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Cinnamaldehyde exhibits CNS stimulant effects at high doses. (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)

The bark oil and extracts exhibit antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities, and enhance trypsin activity.

Eugenol content of the leaf oil is antiseptic and anaesthetic. It is not inter- changable with the bark oil.

Root bark oil acts as a stimulant in amenorrhoea. The bark contains tannins (6.5%) consisting of tetrahydrox- yflavandiols; diterpenes, cinnzeylanin and cinnzeylanol.

C. malabatrum (Burm. f.) Blume is equated with Jangali Daarchini.

Dosage: Dried inner bark—1-3 g powder. (API Vol. I.)... cinnamomum zeylanicum

Syzygium Aromaticum

(Linn.) Merr. & Perry.

Synonym: Eugenia aromatica Kuntze.

Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. Caryophyllus aromaticus Linn.

Family: Myrtaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

English: Clove.

Ayurvedic: Lavanga, Devakusum, Devapushpa, Shrisangya, Shripra- suunaka.

Unani: Qaranful, Laung.

Siddha/Tamil: Kiraambu, Lavangam.

Action: Carminative, antiinflammatory, antibacterial. Flower buds—antiemetic, stimulant, carminative. Used in dyspepsia, gastric irritation. Oil—employed as a local analgesic for hypersensitive dent- lines and carious cavaties; internally as a carminative and antispasmodic.

Key application: In inflammatory changes of oral and pharyngeal mucosa; in dentistry; for topical anesthesia. (German Commission E.)

Eugenin, triterpene acids, crategolic acid and steroid glucosides afford anti- inflammatory and antiseptic proper ties to the buds. Eugenol, a major component of the oil, is antibacterial. Acetone extract of clove, eugenol and acetyleugenol possess cholagogue activity. The eugenol and acetyleugenol components of the clove oil inhibit arachidonate-, adrenalin- and collagen- induced platelet aggregation.

Clove terpenes show significant activity as inducers of detoxifying enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in mouse liver and intestine and bring about carcinogen detoxification.

Whole cloves might have chemopro- tective activity against liver and bone marrow toxicity. (The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons, 1999.)

Dosage: Dried flower-bud—0.5-2.0 g powder. (API, Vol. I.)... syzygium aromaticum

Syzygium Hemisphericum

(Wt.) Alston

Synonym: Eugenia hemispherica Wt. Jambosa hemispherica (Wt.) Walp.

Family: Myrtaceae.

Habitat: South India, particularly in the Nilgiri, Palni and Annamalai hills and Western Ghats.

Siddha/Tamil: Vellai Naval.

Action: Bark—antibilious; also used for syphilitic affections.... syzygium hemisphericum

Syzygium Cerasoideum

(Roxb.) Chatterjee & Kanjilal f.

Synonym: S. nervosum DC. S. operculatum Niedenz. Eugenia operculata Roxb.

Family: Myrtaceae.

Habitat: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Assam up to 600 m and in the Western Ghats up to 900 m.

Ayurvedic: Bhumi Jambu.

Folk: Rai Jaamun, Dugdugiaa; Topaakudaa (Bihar), Peeta-jaam (Orissa).

Action: Fruit—antirheumatic. Aerial parat—hypoglycaemic.

Root—rubefacient. Bark—bitter, astringent; given in dysentery, biliousness and bronchitis. A concentrate of the root infusion is applied and rubbed over painful joints. Aerial parts exhibit hypoglycaemic activity.... syzygium cerasoideum

Syzygium Cuminii

(Linn.) Skeels.

Synonym: S. jambolanum (Lam.) DC. Eugenia jambolana Lam.

Family: Myrtaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated throughout India up to 1,800 m.

English: Java Plum, Jambolan, Black Plum.

Ayurvedic: Jambu, Mahaaphalaa, Phalendraa, Surabhipatra. (Fruit— black.)

Unani: Jaamun

Siddha/Tamil: Naaval.

Action: Fruit—stomachic, carminative, diuretic. Bark and seed— antidiarrhoeal. Seed—hypo- glycaemic. Leaf—antibacterial, antidysenteric.

Key application: Bark—in nonspecific acute diarrhoea and in topical therapy for mild inflammation of the oral-pharyngeal mucosa; externally in mild, superficial inflammation of the skin. (German Commission E.) The seed has been included among unapproved herbs by German Commission E, as the blood sugar-lowering effect could not be established by several researchers. Claimed applications mentioned in German Commission E monograph: in diabetes, also in combination preparations for atonic and spastic constipation, diseases of the pancreas, gastric and pancreatic complaints.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommends the bark in acute diarrhoea and haemorrhagic diseases; the seed in hyperglycaemia and polyuria.

The aqueous alcoholic extract of the bark contains bergenin, gallic acid and ethyl gallate.

The fruit contains anthocyanins and yielded citric, malic and gallic acids. Gallic acid and tannins account for as- tringency of the fruit. Malic acid is the major acid (0.59%) of the weight of fruit; a small quantity of oxalic acid is reported to be present. Glucose and fructose are principal sugars in the ripe fruit; surcose was not detected.

The seeds contain tannin (about 19%), ellagic acid, gallic acid (1-2%), beta-sitosterol, 0.05% essential oil; myricyl alcohol is present in the un- saponifiable matter.

The stem bark yielded friedelan-3- alpha-ol, kaempferol, quercetin, beta- sitosterol and its glycoside, kaempferol- 3-O-glucoside, gallic acid, friedelin and betulinic acid. It contained eugenin and epi-friedelanol. 10-12% tannins were reported.

The leaves contain aliphatic alcohols, sitosterols, betulinic acid and crategolic (maslinic) acid.

The flowers contain triterpenic acids—oleanolic acid and crategolic acid. The oleanolic acid is a strong protector against adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation in liver and heart microsomes.

Phenols, including methylxantho- xylin and 2, 6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy- acetophene have been isolated from the plant (also from the seed).

Seeds in a dose of 10 mg/kg p.o. on normal and alloxanized rabbits exhibited hypoglycaemic activity up to 23 and 20% respectively. The chloroform fraction of seed extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory action against both exudative and prolifer- ative and chronic phases of inflammation, besides exhibiting significant anti-arthritic, antipyretic and analgesic activities. Water extract exhibited antibacterial property against S. boydi and S. dysentrae in cases of dysentery and diarrhoea.

The bark extract is reported to have an effect on glycogenolysis and glyco- gen storage in animals.

Dosage: Stem bark—10-20 g for decoction; dried seed—3-6 g powder. (API, Vol. II.)... syzygium cuminii

Syzygium Jambos

(Linn.) Alston.

Synonym: Eugenia jambos Linn. Jambosa vulgaris DC.

Family: Myrtaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated in many parts of India.

English: Rose Apple.

Ayurvedic: Raaj-Jambu. (Fruits— pale yellow or pinkish white).

Siddha/Tamil: Peru Navel.

Folk: Gulaabjaamun.

Action: Fruit—used in liver complaints. Bark—astringent, antidiarrhoeal, antidysenteric. Leaves—astringent, anti-inflammatory.

The juice of fresh fruit contains alanine, aspartic acid, cystine or cysteine, glutamine, threonine and tyrosine. The essential oil, obtained from leaves, is a good source of dl-alpha-pinene (2684%) and l-limonene (23-84%).

Ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of the leaves are very effective in curing pedal oedema and in acute and chronic swelling; also gave encouraging results in arthritis. Though all extracts (methanolic, hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) of the leaves exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, a 10% aqueous extract of the leaves is found significantly effective when compared to 80 mg/kg of phenylbutazone.

In Brazil, a decoction of dry leaves is given in diabetes.

Aerial parts exhibit diuretic activity.... syzygium jambos

Syzygium Malaccense

(Linn.) Merrill & Perry.

Synonym: Eugenia malccensis Linn.

Family: Myrtaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated in Bengal and South India, chiefly in gardens.

English: Malay Apple, Mountain Apple.

Action: Leaves—dried and powdered, used against stomatitis. Bark—astringent; used for making a mouthwash for thrush.

The extracts of seeds, fruits, leaves, stem and bark show varying degree of antibiotic activity against Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. An extract of fruits (without seeds) is moderately effective against E. coli and those of bark and leaves against Shigella paradys.

The extracts of the plant, excluding root, affect the rate and amplitude of respiration and also blood pressure.... syzygium malaccense

Trichodesma Zeylanicum

R. Br.

Family: Boraginaceae.

Habitat: Peninsular India, crossing into West Bengal.

Ayurvedic: Adah-pushpi (related species), Jhingi.

Folk: Hetenuriyaa, Jalasirasa. Jinghini (Maharashtra).

Action: Flower—sudorific, pectoral. Leaves—diuretic, emollient, demulcent. Root—applied to wounds as analgesic.

Seeds contain a toxic alkaloid supi- nine (1% dry seeds). Aqueous extracts of stems, leaves and fruits is very toxic to cockroaches.... trichodesma zeylanicum



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