(Chinese) One who offers support and praise
Zannicka, Zanika, Zanicka, Zannyka, Zanyka... zannika
Habitat: The peninsular India, khasi hills of Meghalaya and the Andamans.
Ayurvedic: Chirpoti, Chirpotaa, Kuntali, Tiktaka.Siddha/Tamil: Penar-valli.Folk: Parpoti.Action: Fruits—cathartic, used for cough and asthma. Leaves— antispasmodic; topically applied to reduce inflammation and irritation. Plant—febrifuge.
Synonym: Richardia africana Kunth.Family: Araceae.Habitat: Cooler parts of Bihar and Orissa.
Action: Leaves—used as a poultice on sores, boils, wounds, burns, insect-bites and on painful parts of gout and rheumatism.
The plant contains an acrid juice which is poisonous and irritant; irritation is caused by raphides of calcium oxalate. A toxic principle has been reported from the inflorescence, spathe and flower stem. It produced effect in rabbits ranging from hypo-aesthesia to paralysis.The flowers contain cytokinin along with swertisin, swertiajaponin, cyani- din, peonidin and ferulic acid.Roasting and boiling appear to destroy the toxicity of leaves.... zanonia indicaHabitat: Native to tropical and sub-tropical America; introduced into Indian gardens.
Action: Plant—toxic, insecticidal.
The leaves contain bilobetin, gink- getin and sciadopitysin, which have been isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba Linn. (Ginkgo extract is used for cerebral insufficiency and for improving mental performance in geriatric patients.) Other flavone compounds include amentoflavone, sequoiaflavone and amentoflavone derivatives.... zantedeschia aethiopicaHabitat: Sub-tropical Himalaya from Kumaon to Bhutan, and in Khasi hills.
Folk: Nepaali Dhaniyaa, Timur.Action: Plant—uses similar to Zanthoxylum armatum.
The fruit gave tambulin and tam- buletin. The stem bark contains lig- nans—sesamin, fargesin and eudes- min; triterpenoids—beta-amyrin and beta-amyrenone.The seeds are extensively used in the preparation of tooth powders.The essential oil from the seed (from Kanpur) contains d-linalool (37.6), di- pentene+phellandrene (47), citral (6), esters as methyl cinnamate (6.2%) and free acids. Seeds from Sikkim contain 50% d-linalool.... zanthoxylum acanthopodiumHabitat: Canada and North America.
English: Toothache tree, Prickly Ash.Action: Bark, berries—used internally and externaly to treat rheumatism and toothache; also for circulatory insufficiency and fevers.
The bark contains alkaloids gamma- fagarine, beta-fagarine, magnoflorine, laurifoline, nitidine, chelerythrine, tembetarine, candicine; coumarins include xanthyletine, xanthoxyletin and alloxanthyletin.Related species, found in India, give more or less similar pattern of chemical constituents and therapeutic activities. The bark of Z. armatum is used for cleaning teeth. The seeds of Z. acanthopodium are extensively used in the preparation of tooth-powders. The fruits of Z. budrunga and the root of Z. nitidum are prescribed for toothache.... zanthoxylum americanumHabitat: Jammu & Kashmir and Garhwal.
English: Toothache tree, Indian Prickly Ash.Ayurvedic: Tumburu (fruit). Tejabala, Tejaswani, Tejohva, Tejovati (stem bark).Unani: Faaghir, Kabaab-e- Khandaan.Siddha: Tejyovathi.Folk: Nepaali Dhaniyaa.Action: Stem bark—used in cough, dyspnoea, hiccup, stomatitis, rheumatism. (The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.) Stems and thorns—hypoglycaemic. Bark— used for cleaning teeth, also for treating diarrhoea. Fruits, seeds, bark—carminative, antispasmodic, anthelmintic. Fruits and seeds— used as a tonic in fever, dyspepsia and skin diseases. Essential oil of the fruit—antibacterial, antifungal and deodorant. Used in tooth powders.
The essential oil from dried fruits contains linalool (64.1%), linalyl acetate, citral, geraniol methyl cinna- mate, limonene and sabinene.Dried bark and branches contain lignans—sesamin, fargesin, eudesmin; a lactone pulviatide; dictamine, 8- hydroxydictamine and gamma-faga- rine; magnoflorine and xanthoplanine. The root contains magnoflorine, xan- thoplanine, skimmianine, dictamine and gamma-fagarine. Seeds contain flavonoids tambulin and tambulol.Dosage: Stem bark—10-20g for decoction; fruit—3-4 g. (API, Vol. II; Vol. IV.)... zanthoxylum armatumHabitat: Meghalaya, foothills of Assam and Peninsular India.
Ayurvedic: Tumburu (Kerala), Ashvaghra, Tejabala.Siddha/Tamil: Tratechai.Action: Fruits—used for diarrhoea, dyspepsia; asthma, bronchitis; rheumatism; diseases of the mouth and teeth. Pericarp—astringent, digestive, stimulant. Essential oil—disinfectant, used in infective dermatosis. Bark—cholinergic, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, spasmolytic. Root—emmenagogue, febrifuge.
The trunk-bark from Assam gave alkaloids—chelerythrine (0.014%), evodiamine (0.03%) and hydoxyevodi- amine (0.05%). The essential oil from the fruit contains l-sabinene, alpha- terpinene, beta-phellandrene, 1,4-cine- ole, decanal, octanal, terpinen-4-ol, dihydrocarveol, l-cryptone and cumi- naldehyde.The essential oil exhibits anti-inflammatory, anaesthetic and antago- nisic activity.Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC. (Bihar eastwards to Sikkim and Assam) is known as Tezmul in Assam. The root is used in toothache and stomachache.The plant is used as one of the ingredients in the preparation of pharmaceutical tablets given to drug addicts for the treatment of withdrawl symptoms.Methanolic extract of the roots gave nitidine, chelerythrine and isogari- dine. The extract showed antitumour property.Z. ovalifolium Wight (Eastern Himalayas, Meghalaya, the Western Ghats of South Kanara and Kerala) is known as Armadalu in Karnataka and Diang-shih in Meghalaya (Khasi Hills). The leaf contains diosmetin and the heartwood contains flavonoids of dihydrofisetin and cinnamaldehyde. The bark and fruit possess properties similar to other species of the genus.... zanthoxylum budrungaHabitat: The Himalayas from Garhwal to Bhutan at 1,8002,700 m, and in Khasi Hills at 1,2001,800 m.
Folk: Mezenga (Assam); Timur, Bhansi (Nepal).Action: Bark—stimulant, stomachic, sudorific; used in colic; also administered in fevers. Fruits— prescribed for dyspepsia, also for asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism and toothache.
Alkaloids, xanthoxyphyllin and corydine and a lactone 3,5-bis furan 2- one have been isolated from the roots. Stem bark gave zanoxyline and rhetsi- nine. Dried branches with bark gave lignans (sesamin, eudesmin and epi- eudesmin), fluoroquinolone alkaloid gamma-fagarine, triterpenoid lupeol, beta-sitosterol and syringaresinol.... zanthoxylum oxyphyllum
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